This past June, I wrote a post entitled “Wondering
How Sales Tax Applies to a Groupon? So Are Many of The States”.
If you’re a frequent visitor to The State and Local Tax “Buzz”, my
guess is you’ve read this post as it’s become the most popular blog post I’ve
published to date.
As you probably guessed from the title of that post,
the key point I highlighted is that much uncertainty has existed regarding the
sales tax implications of third-party e-coupon discounts, such as those
marketing and arranged by companies like Groupon and
LivingSocial. Specifically, I addressed whether states allow Groupon type
discounts to impact sales price in the same manner as manufacturer’s or
retailer’s discounts, as well as whether the nature of the Groupon type
arrangement impacts the amount subject to sales tax as these promotions are not
all identical. (In some promotions a consumer purchases a specific product
or service, while in others, a consumer has purchased a “cash equivalent” which
may be tendered as payment when choosing from the participating retailer’s
offerings.) In my prior post,
I also highlighted that state officials have been taking great interest in
these third party e-coupon programs, but many states had not yet issued
definitive guidance on how they impact sales price as their current regulations
on the taxation of discounted merchandise did not appear to cover the Groupon
model.
Massachusetts Issues Working Draft Directive 11-XX:
As states begin to address this
issue, we may soon see this uncertainly evaporate. On September 16, 2011,
Massachusetts became one of the first states to publicly address the sales tax
implications of third party e-coupon discounts. The Department of
Revenue's ("the Department") temporary guidance is
articulated in Working Draft Directive 11-XX, Application of Sales Tax to Sales and Redemption of Third Party Coupons.
This Working Draft Directive
clearly identifies the promotional arrangements to which it applies as those
“known under various names in the marketplace including Groupon, LivingSocial
and BuyWithMe.” The two issues addressed in Draft Directive11-XX include:
- Whether
the sale of a third party e-coupon certificate is subject to sales or use
tax. That is, whether the sale of the actual e-voucher which may be
redeemed (at a future point) at face value for taxable property or meals
is subject to sales tax.
- What
value should be used to determine the amount subject to sales tax when
taxable personal property or meals are purchased using a third party
e-coupon certificate. Specifically, this second issue deals with the
impact of these third party e-coupon discounts on the sales price subject
to sales tax.
Regarding the first point, Draft Directive 11-XX confirms that tax is not due upon the
sale of the e-coupon certificate, stating that the sale of e-coupon
certificates should be treated, for sales tax purposes, in the same manner as
gift certificates issued by a vendor. Effectively, this means that at
the point in time when Groupon or other e-coupon vendor charges a customer’s
credit card, the transaction is the equivalent of a gift certificate sale even
if the customer is purchasing a specific taxable product or service.
On the second issue, Draft Directive 11-XX first explains Massachusetts' current rule on the
impact of manufacturer’s and retailer’s discounts on sales price as detailed in
the Massachusetts sales tax regulations. The Draft Directive states that while
the Massachusetts regulation on discounts and coupons allows both manufacturer’s
and retailer’s discounts to reduce the sales price subject to tax, the
Massachusetts regulation also states that “other types of coupons will
not be treated as cash discounts”. (See 830
CMR 64H.1.4 Discounts, Coupons and Rebates)
Draft Directive 11-XX then concludes that a “certificate or coupon
issued by a third party as described in this Directive does not qualify as a
manufacturer’s or retailer’s coupon because it is neither issued by the
manufacturer nor the retailer…”, and further adds that “A
third party certificate is therefore not treated as a cash discount that
reduces the taxable sales price.”
To illustrate the application of these rules, Draft Directive 11-XX includes two examples. The first example details a
scenario in which a consumer purchases an e-certificate for $20.00 which can be
applied towards a $40.00 restaurant meal (i.e., the consumer will be able to
choose from the restaurant's offering and tender the e-certificate as payment).
The Draft Directive states that state and local sales tax will be due on the
full $40.00 value of the meal. In the second scenario, a consumer purchases a
$280.00 golf package for $140.00. The package includes non-taxable green fees
normally valued at $200.00 and a taxable golf cart rental fee normally valued
at $80.00. The Draft Directives states that the golf course must collect
and remit sales tax on the full $80.00 value of the taxable golf cart rental
fee. Note that while Draft Directive 11-XX is indicative of the
Department’s position on the treatment of third party e-coupon discounts, it is
at this time still a Working Draft Directive and subject to
change.
Additional Commentary
While authoring my
prior Groupon post,
I reached out to the Massachusetts Rules and Regulations Bureau (the
department within the Legal Division which interprets the statute and authors
regulations and administrative guidance) because my research found limited
authoritative guidance on Massachusetts’ position on e-certificate discounts.
The Bureau’s response to my question came to me in the form of a Private
Information Letter (“PIL”) (See Note A), which confirmed
that the Department had not issued formal public guidance on
Groupon type arrangements, stating that the Bureau had yet to receive a fully documented ruling request as required by the Massachusetts administrative
provisions. The PIL added that without a formal ruling request detailing
the specifics of these arrangements, the Bureau lacked sufficient information
as to exactly how these promotions work and if they all work in the same way.
Despite this statement, the response also stated that the Bureau did not
believe that Groupon certificates qualified as retailer's or manufacturer's
coupons, which do reduce the taxable sales price in accordance with the Massachusetts sales
tax rules. The Department's position in the PIL I received is consistent
with the Department's position articulated in Draft
Directive 11-XX.
One point in the PIL, which
was not addressed in Draft
Directive 11-XX, was a discussion of “sales price”. The PIL noted that the
“sales price” issue was discussed at the May
2011 Streamlined Sales Tax Governing Board meeting, and that although a
consensus was not reached during the May meeting, Massachusetts would certainly
take into account any “sales price” conclusion (once reached) even though
Massachusetts is not currently a streamlined conforming state. (See Note
B)
As I just noted my
preliminary Massachusetts research on this issue uncovered limited
guidance. One document I discovered was another PIL issued by the Bureau in
March of 2010. That particular PIL describes a scenario which is virtually
identical to the scenario described in the first example in Working Draft
Directive 11-XX, however, in the March 2010 PIL, the Bureau advises that
sales tax would be due on the discounted amount the customer
paid for the e-certificate, not the full value of the meal received. (See Massachusetts
Private Information Letter issued to Ben Edelman dated March 30, 2010)
Despite the fact that the the
March 2010 PIL clearly states that the PIL "provides general guidance
only" and "is not binding on a taxpayer or the
Department", this "guidance" has been referenced or cited in
numerous articles that have focused on Groupon's Consumer Protection Law "violations"
which have included claims that Groupon has been advising merchants to
overcollect sales tax. (See "Daily
Deal Providers May be Violating Consumer Protection Law", TechCrunch,
6/15/2010; "Groupon's
legal risks and hidden gift to merchants", Reuters, 6/16/11 - see also
link in the Reuter's article to Ben Edelman blogpost "Consumer
Protection in Online Discount Voucher Sales", 6/14/11)
Sylvia's Summation
States are becoming more and more
aware of the need to address the impact of e-coupon discounts on taxable sales
price. Massachusetts has recently articulated it's position in WorkingDraft Directive 11-XX, stating that e-coupons discounts do not reduce the
amount subject to sales tax. Keep in mind that until the Department issues
its position in a final Department of Revenue Directive, this guidance is
temporary as the Department is currently accepting practitioner and taxpayer
comments which may lead the Department to revise this draft guidance. Taxpayers
and tax practitioners should also be aware that the media has published stories
which relied on information in a March 2010 PIL which was not binding
on the Department. Taxpayers considering marketing their products or services
through Groupon, LivingSocial, BuyWithMe or other third party e-coupon marketer
should carefully consider the sales tax implications and consult with their tax
advisor in order to understand their responsibility to collect and remit the
proper amount of sales tax. (See Note C.)
*************************************
Note A: The e-mail response
received from the Massachusetts Department of Revenue's (DOR) Rules and
Regulations Bureau is what is referred to as an "Information Letter"
(as defined in Letter Ruling Regulation, 830 CMR 62C.3.2.) It is intended
to provide general information such as the potential applicability of DOR
public written statements or well-established principles of tax law, but it
is not intended to provide authoritative guidance on the application
of the tax laws to a specific set of facts, therefore, it is not a
"ruling" or "letter ruling" that is legally binding on the
DOR.
Note B: On 8/15/11, the Massachusetts Joint Committee on Revenue reported favorably on H. 3763, An Act to Promote Sales Tax Fairness for Main Street Retailers, which gives the Commissioner authority to petition the SST Governing Board to allow the Commonwealth to become an associate or full member. This bill was referred to the Joint Committee on Rules, which re-convenes on 11/19/11.
Note C: Other states which have recently issued guidance on the sales tax implications of Groupon type discounts include California (Tax Information Bulletin, September 2011) and New York (TSB-M-11(16)S, 9/16/11). My plan is to author a subsequent post once Massachusetts issues a final directive, which will discuss guidance from every state that has issued final guidance at that point.
Note B: On 8/15/11, the Massachusetts Joint Committee on Revenue reported favorably on H. 3763, An Act to Promote Sales Tax Fairness for Main Street Retailers, which gives the Commissioner authority to petition the SST Governing Board to allow the Commonwealth to become an associate or full member. This bill was referred to the Joint Committee on Rules, which re-convenes on 11/19/11.
Note C: Other states which have recently issued guidance on the sales tax implications of Groupon type discounts include California (Tax Information Bulletin, September 2011) and New York (TSB-M-11(16)S, 9/16/11). My plan is to author a subsequent post once Massachusetts issues a final directive, which will discuss guidance from every state that has issued final guidance at that point.